PHP provides built-in math functions to perform various numerical operations like arithmetic, rounding, random number generation, and trigonometry.Functions like abs(), pow(), sqrt(), and round() help in basic calculations.You can also generate random values using rand() or random_int().Advanced functions include sin(), log(), exp(), and number formatting with number_format().These are useful in real-world tasks like billing, statistics, […]

libxml functions in PHP are used for working with XML data. These functions are built on top of the libxml2 C library, which provides parsing, validation, and error handling for XML documents.  Mainly used with: DOMDocument SimpleXML XMLReader / XMLWriter Common libxml Functions Function Purpose libxml_use_internal_errors() Suppress/handle XML errors internally libxml_get_errors() Get all collected XML […]

PHP keywords are reserved words that have special meaning in the PHP language. They are used to define language structure such as control flow, functions, classes, variables, and more. 🔒 You cannot use PHP keywords as variable names, function names, class names, or constants. Example Keywords Keyword Usage Example if if ($a > $b) { […]

PHP FTP functions allow you to connect to remote FTP servers and manage files directly from your PHP scripts. You can upload, download, delete, or list files using built-in functions like ftp_connect(), ftp_login(), ftp_put(), and more. These functions are useful for automating file transfers or managing remote servers. FTP must be enabled in your php.ini. […]

In PHP, an iterable is any value that can be looped through using a foreach loop.It includes arrays and objects that implement the Traversable interface, like Iterator or Generator.You can use iterable as a function parameter or return type to enforce that only iterable values are allowed.This helps write more type-safe and flexible code.The iterable […]

Namespaces in PHP are used to group classes, functions, and constants under a unique name to avoid name conflicts. They allow you to organize code in a modular and maintainable way, especially in large applications. Namespaces are declared using the namespace keyword at the top of a PHP file. They are useful when combining multiple […]

Static properties belong to the class itself rather than an instance. They’re declared with the static keyword and shared across all objects. Access them using ClassName::$property or self::$property inside the class. They’re ideal for shared values like counters, settings, or global state. Unlike normal properties, static ones persist independently of instances. 1. Basic Static Property […]

Static methods belong to the class itself and can be called without creating an object. They are declared using the static keyword. Inside the class, use self::method() to call them. Static methods are ideal for utility functions and helpers that don’t rely on object properties. They cannot use $this because there’s no instance context. 1. […]

Traits are a way to reuse method code in multiple classes without inheritance. They are defined using the trait keyword and included in a class using use. Traits help overcome PHP’s single inheritance limitation. You can use multiple traits in a class, and resolve method conflicts using insteadof and as. Traits promote clean, reusable OOP […]

An interface is a blueprint that defines required methods without implementing them. A class that implements an interface must define all its methods. Interfaces allow multiple inheritance and help build loosely coupled, scalable systems. All interface methods must be public and cannot have bodies. Interfaces ensure consistency across different classes. 1. Basic Interface Example interface […]