A session in PHP is a way to store user-specific information on the server across multiple pages (unlike cookies which are stored in the browser). It helps track user activity like login, cart items, or user preferences without exposing data to the client. Why Use Sessions? Store sensitive data securely (e.g., user_id, email) Maintain login […]

Cookies in PHP are small files stored on the user’s browser to remember information between different page requests. They are typically used for: User login sessions Remembering user preferences Tracking user activity   How Cookies Work: The server sends a cookie using PHP. The browser stores it. On every subsequent request, the browser sends the […]

Laravel provides a simple and powerful way to validate user input using the validate() method or custom Form Request classes. You can define rules for required fields, data types, max length, and more. Validation errors are automatically redirected with error messages. Blade views can display these errors using the $errors variable. This ensures clean, secure, […]

PHP offers both one-way and two-way encryption methods for securing data. For passwords, password_hash() and password_verify() provide secure, irreversible hashing ideal for authentication. For reversible encryption, openssl_encrypt() and openssl_decrypt() can be used with symmetric keys. Always use strong keys and initialization vectors (IV) when encrypting sensitive information. Choose the method based on whether the data […]

In PHP, data can be passed using various methods depending on the need and scope. The most common ways include GET and POST methods for form data, SESSION and COOKIE for storing and sharing data across pages, and function parameters for internal data handling. You can also use includes and associative arrays for modular code […]

In Laravel, both cookies and sessions store user data across requests but differ in where and how they store it. Cookies are stored in the user’s browser and are ideal for lightweight, persistent data like preferences. Sessions store data on the server and are better for sensitive or temporary data like login state. Sessions are […]

In Laravel, a session is a way to store user-specific data across multiple HTTP requests. It allows you to remember information (like login status, flash messages, or temporary values) while the user navigates your application. Key Features of Laravel Session Stores data per user, temporarily Automatically managed using session IDs (in cookies) Data is stored […]