OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) in PHP is a programming style that allows you to structure your code around objects and classes rather than just functions and logic. It helps you build reusable, modular, and organized applications. 1. Core OOP Concepts in PHP Concept Description Class A blueprint for creating objects (e.g., Car, User) Object An instance […]
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PHP Exceptions provide a structured way to handle errors using try, catch, and throw.They prevent the script from crashing by catching and managing unexpected conditions.You can create custom exception classes for application-specific errors.The finally block allows you to run cleanup code regardless of exceptions.PHP also supports global exception handling using set_exception_handler(). 1. Basic Try-Catch Example […]
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JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight format used to exchange data between the client and server. PHP provides built-in functions like json_encode() to convert PHP arrays/objects to JSON and json_decode() to parse JSON into PHP. This is essential for APIs, AJAX, and file handling. You can also read/write JSON files using file_get_contents() and file_put_contents(). […]
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Callback functions in PHP are functions passed as arguments to other functions for flexible execution. They can be regular functions, anonymous functions, or class methods. Commonly used in array functions like array_map() or sorting with usort(). Callbacks allow dynamic and reusable logic. This guide covers syntax, examples, and use cases. 1. What is a Callback […]
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PHP filters provide a secure and efficient way to validate and sanitize user input. With functions like filter_var(), filter_input(), and filter_var_array(), you can clean form data, validate emails, numbers, URLs, and more. Filters help prevent common vulnerabilities like XSS and injection attacks. You can also apply filters with custom options and ranges. This guide covers […]
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PHP provides built-in functions to manage files on the server. You can use fopen(), fread(), fwrite(), and fclose() to open, read, write, and close files. Use file_exists() to check if a file is present and unlink() to delete it. PHP can also create new files automatically when writing if the file doesn’t exist. File handling […]
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Laravel package development allows you to create reusable functionality that can be shared across multiple projects. Start by creating a custom folder structure under the packages/ directory. Define your composer.json, service provider, and class files inside a src/ folder. Register autoload paths and service providers to integrate with the main app. This enables clean separation […]
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Laravel provides centralized exception handling through the Handler.php file, allowing custom error responses and logging. You can define custom exceptions, use try-catch blocks for critical code, and log errors using Laravel’s built-in logging system. Integration with tools like Sentry or Bugsnag allows real-time error tracking. Custom error views enhance user experience by showing friendly messages […]
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Laravel provides a simple and flexible notification system that supports channels like email, database, SMS, and Slack. You can create notifications using the artisan make:notification command and send them using the notify() method. Each notification can define how it should be delivered using the via() method. You can customize the content using methods like toMail() […]
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Laravel makes email sending simple using its built-in Mail facade and Mailable classes. You can configure your SMTP settings in the .env file and create reusable email templates using Blade views. The php artisan make:mail command generates a mailable class for organizing email logic. Emails can be sent via various drivers like SMTP, Mailgun, or […]
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