Category: Development

Why an includes folder full of loose files stops working, Composer and PSR-4 from scratch, secrets outside the web root, and how to migrate a legacy project one folder at a time.

hasOne, hasMany, belongsTo, belongsToMany and hasManyThrough on a schema you would actually build – plus pivot columns, eager loading, withCount, and when a relationship is the wrong tool.

Why new Date() parsing is a trap, why UTC in the database and local on the screen is the only rule that scales, and the classic bugs – a report short by a day, a deadline that arrives early.

One 3000px JPEG for every visitor is the most common performance bug on Indian sites. How srcset and sizes actually work, when to use picture, and what WebP and AVIF are really worth.

Most validation code fights the person filling the form in. What HTML gives you free, when JavaScript is actually needed, why blur beats keystroke, and the accessibility details that get skipped.

GitFlow was built for shipping versioned desktop software, not for four people deploying every week. A simpler branching model, and the written rules that settle merge versus rebase for good.

Measure first, then fix in the order that actually moves the number: images, render-blocking code, fonts, caching, plugins. With real before and after figures from a six-hour rescue.

One rule decides it: are you arranging things along a line, or into a structure? Worked examples for a nav bar, a card deck, a page shell and a form row, with the mistakes that waste an afternoon.

How an index actually works, why yours is being ignored, what a composite index orders by, and the six mistakes that make a query slow on a table that has plenty of indexes.

An honest comparison for Indian teams: where CodeIgniter is still the better answer, what Laravel actually gives you for the extra weight, hosting and hiring realities, and what to do with an existing CI application.